Wednesday, February 23, 2011

What Is the Molecular Biology of Soap?


Soap is the sodium salt of a fatty acid. It is made by mixing fatty acids like vegetable oils with sodium hydroxide, or lye. 

Fatty acids are long chains of hydrogen and carbon atoms with an extra hydrogen atom at one end and two oxygen, one hydrogen, and one carbon atom on the other end. This formation is called the carboxyl group and  can be saturated like Palmitic acid or unsaturated like Oleic acid.

Fatty acid molecules are usually found as part of larger molecules called triglycerides. A triglyceride molecule is produced when the carboxyl group ends of three fatty acids  are cross-linked with one molecule of glycerol. During the soap making process,  the  sodium hydroxide cuts the bond between the fatty acid and the glycerol to form glycerol and soap.

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